Research Hub
Plain-language summaries of published research on children's screen time and media.
Learning Outcomes
Digital Media And Child Language Development
Growing Up in a Digital World – Digital Media and the Association With the Child’s Language Development at Two Years of Age
Learning Outcomes
Analysis of Teacher–Child Behaviors With Print and Digital Books
What Happens Before Book Reading Starts? An Analysis of Teacher–Child Interactions
Learning Outcomes
Reading a Storybook Versus Viewing a Video
Children’s Narrative Elaboration After Reading a Storybook Versus Viewing a Video
Learning Outcomes
Narrative Potential of Picture-Book Apps
Narrative Potential of Picture-Book Apps: A Media- and Interaction-Oriented Study.
Parental Guidance
Underestimating Screen Usage
A Synergistic Approach to a More Comprehensive Assessment of Family Media Exposure During Early Childhood" addresses the complexities of measuring media exposure in families with young children.
Cognitive Development
Screen Time and Executive Function in Toddlerhood
A Longitudinal Study
Cognitive Development
Media and Focused Attention Through Toddlerhood
Longitudinal Links Between Media Use and Focused Attention Through Toddlerhood
Learning Outcomes
Toddlers Using Tablets: How they Engage, Play and Learn
A study into how sessions on educational learning apps compares with solo sessions, with parents and passive video content.
Parental Guidance
Media and Young Minds: Screen time during ages 0-5
Media and Young Minds" by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) addresses the influence of media on the health and development of children from 0 to 5 years of age, a period of critical brain development, the formation of secure relationships, and the establishment of health behaviors.
Parental Guidance
Screen-viewing among preschoolers in childcare
Screen-viewing among preschoolers in childcare: a systematic review" examines the prevalence and correlates of screen-viewing behaviors among preschool-aged children (2.5-5 years) attending childcare settings, including both center-based and home-based facilities.
Child Psychology
The Developing Brain in the Digital Era
The Developing Brain in the Digital Era: A Scoping Review of Structural and Functional Correlates of Screen Time in Adolescence" examines how screen time affects adolescent brain development.
Parental Guidance
Impacts of Technology on Children’s Health
Impacts of technology on children’s health: a systematic review
Media Effects
Infant & Toddler Media Use Related to Sleeping
How Infant and Toddlers’ Media Use Is Related to Sleeping Habits in Everyday Life in Italy
Parental Guidance
Mother-Child Interaction and Smartphone Use
Quality of Mother-Child Interaction Before, During, and After Smartphone Use
Social Development
Effects of a Social Robot vs. Human Child Interact
Comparing the Effects of a Different Social Partner (Social Robot vs. Human) on Children's Social Referencing in Interaction
Child Psychology
Reality Vs Fantasy Judgments of Digital Media
Children’s Reality Status Judgments of Digital Media
Cognitive Development
Functioning and Multitasking in Adolescents
Impact of media multitasking on executive function in adolescents: behavioral and self-reported evidence from a one-year longitudinal study
Social Development
Digital Media in Social Skill Development
Digital Media and Language Development: The Role of Child-Directed Speech
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Cognitive Development
Early Screen Time Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Association Between Screen Time Exposure in Children at 1 Year of Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder at 3 Years of Age
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Cognitive Development
Screen Time and Autistic Symptoms
Correlation Between Screen Time and Autistic Symptoms as Well as Development Quotients in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder" examines the relationship between screen time and both autistic symptoms and developmental quotients (DQs) in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Cognitive Development
Autism Symptoms Associated With Screen Exposure
Changes in autism symptoms associated with screen exposure: Case report of two young children
Parental Guidance
Background TV and Toy Play Behavior
The Effects of Background Television on the Toy Play Behavior of Very Young Children" examines how background adult television influences the play behavior of children aged 12, 24, and 36 months.
Parental Guidance
Background Television for Babies
When babies watch television: Attention-getting, attention-holding, and the implications for learning from video material
Media Effects
Effects of Background TV
The Effects of Background Television on the Quantity and Quality of Child-Directed Speech by Parents" examines how background television influences parental speech directed toward young children.
Learning Outcomes
TV associates with delayed language development
Television viewing associates with delayed language development" investigates the impact of television exposure on language development in young children.
Social Development
TV Exposure Risk Factor Aggressive Behavior 3-Y/O
Television Exposure as a Risk Factor for Aggressive Behavior Among 3-Year-Old Children" examines the association between television (TV) exposure and aggressive behavior in young children.
Media Effects
Early Childhood Television Exposure
Prospective Associations Between Early Childhood Television Exposure and Academic, Psychosocial, and Physical Well-being by Middle Childhood" investigates the impact of television exposure during early childhood on various aspects of well-being in middle childhood.
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Cognitive Development
Infant Screen Use Decreasing Executive Function
Associations Between Infant Screen Use, Electroencephalography Markers, and Cognitive Outcomes
Media Effects
Effects of Infant Media Usage
The effects of infant media usage: what do we know and what should we learn?" examines the impact of television viewing on infants' development, focusing on language acquisition, cognitive growth, and attention.
Cognitive Development
Media Exposure and Toddler Development
Infant Media Exposure and Toddler Development" examines the relationship between media exposure in infants and their cognitive and language development in toddlerhood.
Media Effects
Effects of screen time on emotion regulation and academic performance
A three-wave longitudinal study on children from 4 to 8 years of age
Media Effects
Screen time and early adolescent mental health
Screen time and early adolescent mental health, academic, and social outcomes in 9- and 10-year-old children: Utilizing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
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Media Effects
Behaviour Depending on Scene Pace
Differential Effects of Film on Preschool Children's Behaviour Depending on Editing Pace" examines how the pace of film editing influences the behavior and attention of preschool-aged children.
Cognitive Development
Screen-time inattention problems preschoolers
Screen-time is associated with inattention problems in preschoolers: Results from the CHILD birth cohort study" examines the relationship between screen time and behavioral issues, particularly inattention, in preschool-aged children.
Social Development
Screen Time and Temperamental Anger During COVID
Preschooler Screen Time and Temperamental Anger/Frustration During the COVID-19 Pandemic" examines the relationship between screen time in preschool-aged children and subsequent expressions of anger and frustration.
Media Effects
Videogames & Brain’s Microstructural Properties
Impact of Videogame Play on the Brain’s Microstructural Properties: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses" investigates how prolonged videogame play affects brain microstructure and verbal intelligence over time, using advanced imaging techniques.
Learning Outcomes
Development of Brain & Verbal Intelligence
Impact of Frequency of Internet Use on Development of Brain Structures and Verbal Intelligence: Longitudinal Analyses" investigates how varying levels of internet usage affect brain development and verbal intelligence in children over time.
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Learning Outcomes
Case–Control Study on Primary Language Disorders and Screen Exposure
The study highlights the potential risks of screen exposure on children's language development, emphasizing the need for better parental interaction and public health guidelines to mitigate these effects.
Social Development
Media Content for Preschool Children
Modifying Media Content for Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial" investigates whether altering the content of media consumed by preschool-aged children can influence their behavior, particularly in reducing aggression and enhancing prosocial behavior.
Learning Outcomes
Learning Between 2D and 3D Sources During Infancy
The study explores how infants learn from two-dimensional (2D) representations, such as videos, and apply this knowledge to three-dimensional (3D) real-world scenarios.
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Learning Outcomes
2-Y/O Learning: Joint Media vs. Passive Viewing
Learning From 2D Media With and Without Parental Support: Comparing Two Forms of Joint Media Engagement With Passive Viewing and Learning From 3D.